| 4. ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4.1 ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ | ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ | ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ | ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ | ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ | ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 4.2 ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ | ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠵᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ 20~30°C ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠮᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 4.3 ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ | ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ 7~10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ | ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢᠲᠦ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ | ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 4.4 ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ | ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠷᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 18% ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ 77% ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 40 | ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ | ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 4.5 ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ | ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ | ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠭᠤᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠪᠡᠯ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ | ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | 5. ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | 5.1 ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠃ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | 30cm ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠴᠦ᠂ 20~30°C ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠸᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 5.2 ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠮᠥᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩ ᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ 3~4 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ | ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 5.3 ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ | ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠯᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ | 5.4 ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠲᠥᠰᠥᠯ | ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ | ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | 6. ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠦᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ | ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ | ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠶ᠂ | ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢᠴᠡ ᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ |