ᠤᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠳᠤ᠂ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠬᠤ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡ
1 . ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠠ
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠽᠧᠩ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠢ᠍ᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠽᠧᠩ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
《100 - 1 = 0》
ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠨᠢ 100 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠨᠢ 1 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 100ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠯ 99ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 0 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
2 . ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠤᠢ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠤᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠶᠠ
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢ᠍ᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠭᠣᠭᠴᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠣᠭᠣᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
3 . ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠨᠢ ᠽᠸᠤ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 《ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷᠲᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠽᠸᠤ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ
《ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠ》 ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ
ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃
1 . ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ
ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠥᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨᠳᠤ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠢ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃
2 . ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ
ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠩᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠢ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠠᠴᠠᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃
3 . ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨᠠ
ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠸᠢᠴᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃