| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ［ | ］ ［ | ］ ［ ］ | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 0～3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | | 1～7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ① | | | | | | | | | ② | | | | | | | | | | | ③ | | | | | | | ④ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. | | | | | | | | | 2017 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | JPiaget | | J J S Bruner | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1946 | | | | | 5% 10% | 20% | 30% 50 % | 70% | 90% | 30% | 30% | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1986 | | 300 | 5000 12000 | 12000 | | 23000 2000 | 3000 8000 9000 | 4000 4500 | 6000 | 8000 12000 | | | 80000 3500 | 3000 | | 1000 2000 | 3000 | 3500 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 2018 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ① | | ② | | | | ③ | | | | | | ① | | ② | | ③ | | | | ① | | ② | | ③ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. | 2013 | 2. | | 2013 | 3. | | 2018 | 4. 3～6 | | 2017 | 5. | | 2018 | 6. | 2008 | | 7. | | 2012 | 8. | 2011 | | | | 9 |