ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ   -   ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠹᠤᠷᠮᠦᠰ》 ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ
ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ 2023-05-30

      ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠰᠡᠬᠡᠭᠡᠲᠡᠳ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠥᠢ᠍ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

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     ▲ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠃ (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄  ᠫᠸᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ)

      ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ (Robert Hans van Gulik᠂ 1910 - 1967) ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠸᠤᠷᠨᠤᠷ (Jules Gabriel Verne᠂ 1828 - 1905)᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠷᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠳ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠸᠯᠸᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠳ᠋ᠯᠸᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃
      ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠺᠢᠤ᠋᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 《ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ》 (the Lore of Chinese Lute᠄ An Essay in Ch′in Ideology᠂ 1940) ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 《ᠵᠢᠢ ᠺᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ 〈ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤ〉》 (Hsi Kang and His Poetical Essay on the Lute᠂ 1941) ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠺᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤ》 ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃
      ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠶ ᠨᠢᠴᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠮᠥᠰᠥ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃
     1943 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ᠍ᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠄ 《ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠁ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠢ᠍ᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠁》 ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃
      ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠍ᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠳᠠᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠧ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠮᠸᠩ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠢᠪ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠰᠦᠩᠭᠦᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠦᠬ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ 《ᠶᠢᠦ ᠼᠦᠨᠭᠧ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 《ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃   

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      ▲ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠫᠸᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ)
       ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠨᠤᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ 《ᠡᠦ ᠽᠸ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》᠎ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠭᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪᠲᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠠᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃
      ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠳᠤᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠰᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠮᠣᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》 (Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee᠂ 1950 - 1967) ᠭᠡᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠦᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠹᠤᠷᠮᠦᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠡᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
      《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠺᠠᠭᠤ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠺᠠᠳᠧᠮᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠸᠠᠷᠳ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ᠢᠸᠢᠳ᠋ (Wilt Idema) ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《᠁ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠁ 1963 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ 《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》᠎ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠭᠡᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
      《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠍ᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃

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     ▲ 2008 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》 (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ)

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     ▲ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》 (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᡁᠢ ᠬᠤ᠌)
      ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠴᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠄ 《ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠨᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠠᠪᠠᠬᠠᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
     ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠶ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠠᠪᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠢ᠌ᠴᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠩ ᡁᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ᠂ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢ ᠯᠦ᠍ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠦᠩᠴᠢᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠮᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
     ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠺᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠷᠤ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠸᠺᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠠᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠳᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠪᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠳᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠨᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ  ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠠᠶ᠃

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     ▲ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠱᠤ᠌ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ᠃

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      ▲ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠱᠤ᠌ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ᠃
      ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ》 ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠥᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ 《ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ》᠎ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ》 (Sexual Life in Ancient China᠂ 1961) ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
      ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠦ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ》 (The Gibbon in China᠂ 1965)᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ᠄ 《ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠭᠣᠭᠴᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠶ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠬ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠪᠢ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠹᠠᠩ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠬ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠩᠪᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃

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     ▲ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠠᠨ (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠫᠸᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ)
     1967 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠾᠸᠢᠢ᠍ᠭ᠋᠎ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠯᠸ ᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠪᠢ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠷᠯᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠁ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ 〈ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ〉᠎ᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠦᠨᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠨᠭ᠌ᠵᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠶ᠋ᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠶ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
      ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠹᠠᠩ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠧᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠍ᠪᠠ᠃
      (ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃)
      ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠄
      [1] (ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋) C.D. ᠪᠠᠺᠮᠠᠨ᠂ H. ᠳ᠋ᠤᠹᠯᠢᠰ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱ᠌ᠢ ᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠧ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ》᠃ ᠬᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠺᠸᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ 2011.03 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠃
      [2] ᠵᠠᠩ ᠫᠢᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ — ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ》᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ᠄ ᠵᠦᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠨᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠄ 2010.08
      [3] (ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋) ᠢᠸᠢᠳ᠋ (Wilt Idema) ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠺ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ》᠄ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠮᠥ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ 2014.04
      ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄

8.jpg     

      ᠯᠦᠸᠧ ᠰᠢᠩ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠠ᠃



          ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠴᠢ᠊· ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ
          ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠠᠳᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ   ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ
          ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ   

ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ