ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ   -   ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ?
ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄ 2023-07-25

      ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ? ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠳ ᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠦᠶᠢᠰ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ?
      ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠤᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ 40% ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ; ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 30% ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ᠂ ᠺᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 30% ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠯᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠂ ᠾᠷᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃

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      ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠃ (ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ)
      ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮᠴᠤᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 《ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ》 ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠡᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠢᠩᠬᠢᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠺᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃
      ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠰᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ 《ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠲᠥᠭᠥᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ 《ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠤᠸᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠤ ᠲᠦᠸᠸ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠵᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠧᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ  ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
      ᠺᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠷᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ  ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮᠴᠤᠳ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠬᠡᠶ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠩᠨᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠽᠦᠩᠽᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠤᠯᠢᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠣᠴᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃

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       ᠸᠢᠶᠧᠲᠨᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠃
      ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠥ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ᠎ᠬᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠫᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃

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      ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠸᠺᠵᠸ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠤ ᠢᠩ ᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ (ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠫᠸᠩ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ)
      ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠣᠰ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 《ᠰᠦᠶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ · ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ》᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ 《ᠫᠢᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠶᠧ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ (ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 607 ᠣᠨ)᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠮᠫᠷᠡᠰᠰ · ᠰᠦᠢ᠍ᠺᠤ · ᠳᠢᠶᠠᠨᠨᠤ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠨᠤᠨᠤᠢ᠍ᠮᠤᠺᠤ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ 《ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃
      ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠫᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠤᠨᠳᠤᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ 《ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ》᠎ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠦᠬᠡᠳ᠎ᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠮᠲᠠᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠨᠬᠤᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠤ ᠭᠣᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 《ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ》᠎ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠮᠤᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ ᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬ᠎ᠠ᠃
      ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠤᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠯᠢ ᠱᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ 《ᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ》᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠷᠢ》 ᠵᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠮ ᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠱᠣᠭ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠫᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
      ᠦᠨᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠢ᠌ᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ᠃

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      AWoman using chopsticks, Kuniyoshi Utagawa (1797 — 1861)᠃ (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ Wikipedia)
      ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠰᠦᠭ 《ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ》 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠷᠭᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠩᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
      ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠱᠥᠯᠥ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ 《ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ · ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ》᠎ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠬᠦᠢ᠍ᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠮᠢᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠣᠭᠲᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠶᠠᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
      ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠠᠶ᠂ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠯᠲᠠ (14 -16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ) ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠳᠡᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ (1582 ᠣᠨ)᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠦ (Mathew Ricci᠂ 1552 - 1610) ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ》 (Icommentarjdella Cina᠂ 1580 — 1610᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ 1615 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠦ᠋ᠭᠰᠪᠦ᠋ᠷᠡᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ) ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ᠄ 《ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠭᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠵᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ᠄ 《ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠥᠬᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠭ᠋ᠬᠢᠷᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠲᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠾᠷᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
      ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠴᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠱᠸᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠱᠸᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠽᠦ᠍ᠩ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠸᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠥᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
       ᠯᠦᠶᠢᠰ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠳᠤᠩ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠸᠧᠷᠰᠠᠶ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠸᠩᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠸᠷᠦ᠋ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠳᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠠᠶ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃
       ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠢ᠌ᠰ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ 《ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠫᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠯᠢᠶᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠱᠥᠯᠥ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠱᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠳᠡ 22 ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ 12᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ 9᠎ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃

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      ᠨᠢᠦ᠋ ᠶᠣᠷᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ᠂ 1910 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠯᠸᠢᠢ᠍ᠰᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠲ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃ (ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠰᠧᠦ ᠬᠤ᠌ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ)
      ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠪᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠭ᠋ᠱ᠌ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠴᠥᠮ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
      ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠄

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       ᠵᠠᠩ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠹᠸᠢ᠂ ᠵᠧᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ 《ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ》 ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠵᠧᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨᠢᠺ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦ᠋ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ》᠎ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ 《Das Motiv des Yuejueshu:Analyse des Buches aus geschichtlichem,literarischem und philosophischem Blick》᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ 《ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠯᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠳ》 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
    


             ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠴᠢ᠊· ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ
              ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠠᠳᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ   ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ
             ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭ

ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦᠢ