ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠺᠨᠢᠷ 《ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠮᠥᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠣᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃
  ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂   ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ
  ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠣᠳᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠭᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 500 ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠣᠵᠢᠳ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（天花）᠂ ᠰᠠᠬᠤᠤ（白喉）᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ（流感）᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨᠦᠳ（水痘）᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ   ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ（流行性腮腺炎） ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃
  1᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭ᠋ᠷᠧᠭ᠂ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠢ᠌ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 431 ᠣᠨ — ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 404 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠸᠷᠤᠫᠤᠨᠢᠽᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠠ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠲᠸᠨ ᠬᠣᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨᠲᠡ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠲᠸᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠸᠷᠢᠺᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠯᠳᠦᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲᠸᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭ᠋ᠷᠧᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠵᠢᠷ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠢᠯᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 165 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠢ 15 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ 2000 ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠭ᠋ᠸᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠤ ᠤᠯᠢᠯᠢᠦ᠋ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂   ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ 《ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ》᠎ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠰᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂   ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃
  2᠂   ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠬᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠃ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠦᠶ ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠢ᠌ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃
  800 ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨᠲᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ   ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃ 1347 — 1352 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ   ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠣᠳᠠᠳ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 《ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ》 （黑死病）ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠭᠠᠶ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 《ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ》᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ（鞭刑运动）᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡᠴᠤᠳ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠰ ᠨᠢᠴᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠭᠦᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠦᠯᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠪᠠᠳᠢᠰ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠎ᠢ   ᠮᠠᠭᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ   ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢ   ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠰᠢᠩ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠣ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ   ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠠᠳᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ  ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  3᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠶᠧᠵᠢᠫᠲ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 1157 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠧᠵᠢᠫᠲ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠹᠠᠷᠠᠤ᠋ （ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠧᠵᠢᠫᠲ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠠ） ᠯᠠᠤᠰ — ᠠᠮᠸᠰᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠥᠷ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶ᠎ᠳᠤ 8 ᠵᠢᠯ   ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠤᠭ᠌ᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
 1518 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠽᠲᠸᠺᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠸᠨᠤᠺᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ （ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠣ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ）᠎ᠢ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠸᠨᠤᠺᠲ᠋ᠢᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋᠎ᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠽᠲᠸᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠽᠲᠸᠺᠴᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠽᠲᠸᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ   ᠪᠣᠳᠠ ᠨᠢᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠽᠲᠸᠺ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠣ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠶ᠃
  ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 165 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ 2000 ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠭ᠋ᠸᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠺᠤᠯᠠᠰ   ᠫᠦ᠍ᠸᠰᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ 《ᠠᠱᠳᠦᠢ᠍ᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ》᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠷᠣᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ   ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ※ （ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ）
  ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ   ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ   ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ   ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ  ᠃ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠨᠳᠢᠶᠠᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠴᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ   ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ   ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠨᠳᠢᠶᠠᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ  ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ᠌   ᠮᠣᠬᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃
  ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡᠴᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠣ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1520 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠲᠸᠮᠠᠯᠠ（危地马拉）᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 1525 — 1526 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠨᠺᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠨᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠥᠭᠦᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ   ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠰᠫᠠᠨᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠺᠦᠰᠺᠦ （ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠸᠷᠦ᠋ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ）᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠨᠺᠠ ᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠳᠦᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠢᠨᠺᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ   ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃
  ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ   ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ 2500 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ   ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  4᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ（霍乱） ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠳᠣᠭᠣᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ 50%—70% ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠦᠯᠣᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠡ᠃
  ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ   ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠥᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ   ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠶ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠶ ᠭᠠᠶ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂   ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ   ᠬᠣᠷᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠠ （ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠳᠠ）᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠸᠫᠡᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠹᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ 1820 — 1822 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣ   ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠺᠠ᠂ ᠢᠨᠳᠣᠨᠧᠰᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠠᠽᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠠᠶ᠃
  5᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠃ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠢ᠌ᠰᠢ᠂ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ  ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ（抗生素）᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠥᠨᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲᠸᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ   ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（结核杆菌） ᠪᠤᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ   ᠺᠦᠷᠦ᠋ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（库鲁病）᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（军团病）᠂ ᠠᠢ᠌ᠽ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（艾滋病）᠂ ᠯᠠᠱ᠌ᠠᠿᠸ（拉沙热）᠂ ᠡᠦᠪᠦᠸᠸᠯᠠ（埃博拉）᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（疯牛病）᠂   ᠰᠠᠷᠰ（非典型肺炎） ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠢᠳᠢᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤᠶ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠮᠳᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠣᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
  ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ
 1᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ  ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭ᠋ᠷᠧᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠶ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ   ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ   ᠡᠳ᠋᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 1546 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠄ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠦ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠥᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ （ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯ）᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ  ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ   ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃
 2᠂   ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ᠃ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷᠳᠦ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠰᠲᠸᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠫᠠᠰᠲᠸᠦ᠋ᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
  ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠺᠤᠾ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 1877 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠺᠤᠾ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠣᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠣᠬᠣᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠩᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  ᠫᠠᠰᠲᠸᠦ᠋ᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠺᠤᠾ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠄ 1878 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ（回归热）᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ；1879 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠢ᠍ᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（淋病）᠂ ᠤᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1880 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠱᠦᠯᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠶ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪ᠊ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（链球菌）᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（葡萄球菌）᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（肺炎双球菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ；1882 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（炭疽杆菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ；1883 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠬᠤᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（白喉杆菌）᠂ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（霍乱弧菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶ； 1884 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（破伤风杆菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ； 1887 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（脑膜炎双球菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ； 1894 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（鼠疫杆菌） ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ；1897 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠣᠯᠬᠣᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ（痢疾杆菌） ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ   ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃
 3᠂ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ᠃ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳ（麻疹）᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠡᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ   ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ（脊髓灰质炎）᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣᠷ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠮᠵᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ 《  ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ》 ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ  《ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ  》᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1928 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（黄热病）᠎ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠵᠠ ᠎ᠳᠤ   ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠡᠶ᠃ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠪᠡ᠃ 1939 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠰᠺᠣᠫ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ 《ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ》   ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠬ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ 《ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠣᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋》 ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠥᠭᠥᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ》 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃
  ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ   ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠥᠭᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
    ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
 1᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠷᠠᠲᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1348 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠸᠧᠨᠧᠼᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠶ ᠣᠩᠭᠣᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ᠎ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1377 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠯᠠᠬᠦᠰᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ 30 ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠢ 40 ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃ 17 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ   ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂   ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ᠌ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠥᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ  ᠎ᠤᠨ᠎ᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠥᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠎ᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ   ᠪᠦᠷ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃
  2᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ᠃ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠡᠸᠷᠯᠢᠱ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃
  1904 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠸᠷᠯᠢᠱ ᠠᠷᠰᠸᠨ᠋ᠳᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ（砷化合物） ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1909 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ   ᠡᠸᠷᠯᠢᠱ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠣᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠸᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠷᠣᠣ᠋ 《606》 ᠨᠣᠮᠸᠷᠳᠦ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠪᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠸᠷᠯᠢᠱ 1910 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  1927 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠮᠠᠺ 1000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠣᠰ ᠠᠽᠣᠲ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠦᠷᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲᠸᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ 《ᠫᠷᠣᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰᠢᠯ》（百浪多息） ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠮᠠᠺ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠥᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠡᠮ ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠫᠷᠣᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰᠢᠯ  ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲᠸᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ（败血症）᠎ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮ   ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠮ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ 15%᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ   ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰᠢᠯ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ   ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠎ᠢ   ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ   ᠫᠷᠣᠨ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠰᠢᠯ ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃
  3᠂   ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ᠃ 1929 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠹᠷᠠᠮᠢᠩ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠴᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲᠸᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠴᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠪᠠ᠃ 1940 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠺᠰᠹᠤᠷᠳ᠋ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠹᠯᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠧᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢ ᠫᠸᠨᠢᠼᠢᠯᠢᠨ（青霉素）᠎ᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ 1942 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠫᠸᠨᠢᠼᠢᠯᠢᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠦᠷ ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠫᠧᠨᠢᠼᠢᠯᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ   ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠶ᠃ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠫᠧᠨᠢᠼᠢᠯᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠣᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠭᠡ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ  ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠠ ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠫᠧᠨᠢᠼᠢᠯᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ1944 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠮᠢᠰᠦ（链霉素） ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠮᠢᠰᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠬᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠬᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠥᠬᠡᠶ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠌ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋（放线菌素）᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠠᠮᠢᠼᠢᠨ（土霉素）᠂ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠶ ᠰᠦ᠍（金霉素） ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠦᠼᠢᠮᠢᠨ（新霉素） ᠵᠠᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
  ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠵᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ   ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠶ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ   ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃
  4᠂   ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ（疫苗）᠎ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢ᠍ᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣᠴᠣᠳ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠢ᠍ᠢ᠍ᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ   ᠣᠢ᠌ᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠨ   ᠰᠤᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1717 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠺ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠢ᠌ᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠥᠬᠥᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨᠲ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠸᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
    ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠨᠨ᠋ᠸᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠨᠨ᠋ᠸᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ； ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠎ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ   ᠦᠨᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ᠌ᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ   ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ᠌ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ 1796 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠎ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠷᠲᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1959 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ1979 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂   ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃
    ᠪᠤᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ — ᠰᠠᠬᠤᠤ — ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷᠠᠩ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠡᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ A ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ B ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ C ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ   ᠲᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠺᠼᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠲᠦᠢ᠍ᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃
  5᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠂ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠣᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ   ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ᠎ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶ᠄ ᠵᠢᠱ᠌ᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠱᠦᠯᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠡᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠶᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠢᠨᠠᠯᠤᠩ ᠤᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠣᠷᠣᠬᠠᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ 1958 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠍ᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠢ᠍ᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ 20 ᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ᠎ᠲᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ 1979 ᠣᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠤᠢ᠌ᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠨᠣᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠡᠳ᠋᠎ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠋ᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠶ᠃
  ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠃ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠳᠥᠭᠥᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ 《ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ》 ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠦ᠍ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠣ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠭᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠢᠰᠥᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠣᠮᠲᠣᠭ᠋ᠠᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠢ᠌ᠮᠦ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ᠎ᠬᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠎ᠤᠳ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠭᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
  ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠌ᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠳᠤ   ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ 《ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠢ᠌ᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ》 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠢ᠌ᠯᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠵᠶ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ᠌ᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ  ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠎ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢ᠌ᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠶ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠎ᠳᠤ᠎ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠢ᠌ᠭᠡᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠤ   ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ᠎ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠶ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠎ᠤ   ᠲᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠋ᠠᠴᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠢ   ᠪᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠶ᠃