| | — ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ | | ᠴᠣᠭᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ | | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠰᠥᠭ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠰᠢᠬᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠥᠬᠡ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ | ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦ ᠴᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠦ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠳᠥᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠥᠯᠡᠬᠦᠥ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠰᠥᠨᠥᠭᠳᠦ︾᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ︾᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠥᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢᠰ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ | ᠬᠥᠰᠥᠨᠥᠭᠳᠦ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ | ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠢᠾᠤ᠋᠂ ᠪᠧᠷᠡᠭᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡ᠂ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠡᠨ | ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ | ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠬᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠥ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ︵Euclid ︵ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ︶ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ 330 — 275︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠬᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠥᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ︵ᠠᠨᠠᠯᠢᠰ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠧᠦᠮᠧᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠳᠥᠯᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠬᠥᠴᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠥᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠰᠥᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠰᠦ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠶ ᠯᠡ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠥ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠥᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠭᠧᠥᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠭᠥᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠭ | ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ︵Newton 1643-1727᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠡᠨ︶᠂ ᠺᠠᠮᠪᠷᠢᠵ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ | ︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠥ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ︾［1］᠃ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠢᠯᠡᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ᠄ ︽ᠥᠷᠥᠨᠡᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠪᠥᠳᠤᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠥᠢ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠥᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠬᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ－︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠳᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠥᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ－︿ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ﹀ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ | ［2］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠢᠯᠠᠶᠤᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ | ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠣᠰᠣᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠣᠰᠣᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1986 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠳᠥ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ | ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠫᠷᠦᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ︽ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ | ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠦ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ | ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ 13 ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠄ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠭᠧᠥᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ︾᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ 23 | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠥᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ︽ᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ | ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠶ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ᠂ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ᠂ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠭᠤ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ［4］ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ 5 ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 5 ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠳᠡ | ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠵᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ 48 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 1.4 ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 1.35 ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 1.47 ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ ︽ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠦ︾ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ︵ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠭᠦᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃︾ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠧᠪᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ︾᠂ 14 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠭᠧᠪᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 2.4 ᠨᠢ ︽ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ［5］ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠪᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠥᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ︾᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 2.11 ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 2.12 | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ 2.13 ᠪᠣᠯ ᠺᠣᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ︾᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ | 37 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭ᠂ | ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠳᠦ︾᠂ 16 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ | ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠲᠦ ︵5 ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠦ᠂ 10 ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠦ᠂ 15 ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠳᠦ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ︾᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠲᠤ | 25 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠳᠥᠰᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠰᠦ︾᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 5 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠂ 33 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠ᠂ ᠶᠢᠰᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ︾᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠥᠷᠢ 39.27.36 | ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 9.20 ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠧᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠶᠣᠰᠣ᠄ ︽ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠰᠥᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠃ 115 ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ | ᠶᠤᠰᠦᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ 10.1 ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠢᠯᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ | ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠣᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ︾᠃ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ | ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ︾᠂ ︽ᠱᠤᠷᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠥ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ︾ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠵᠥᠪ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾᠂ 5 ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ | ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠤᠬᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ 30 ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠥᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠴᠥᠭᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠢ 21 ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ | ︽ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠥ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠥᠮᠧᠲᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ | ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ | ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 8 ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠱᠤᠷᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ | ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠥ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠤ︾ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠺᠣᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠶᠤᠰᠦ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠣᠯᠵᠢ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵1208 — 1259︶ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠺᠠᠽᠦ᠋ᠪᠣᠵᠢ · | ᠲᠠᠺᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ᠄ ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ | ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ | ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠥᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠯᠵᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠦ ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠱᠠᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠩ ᠭᠥᠷᠥᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠵᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠯᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ［6］ | ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ | ᠥᠰᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠪᠥᠰᠡᠭᠦᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠳ᠋ － ᠠᠳ᠋ － ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ︽ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠦ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠬᠳᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠰᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ | ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ︾ ［7］ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠤᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠥᠭᠴᠢ ᠫᠯᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠷᠫᠢᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ᠪᠦᠭᠦ | ᠲᠠᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠥᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ︾ ［8］ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ · ᠮᠠᠨᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠥᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ︾ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ | ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠭᠯᠢᠳ ︵ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ — ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠾᠦ᠋ᠭᠯᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ︿ᠵᠢᠢ ᠾᠧ ᠶᠤᠸ᠋ᠨᠨ ᠪᠧᠨ﹀ ᠨᠢ 13 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ － ᠥᠳ᠋ － ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤ ᠰᠧ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠡᠢ ᠁ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ［9］ | ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠱᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ᠄ ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾［10］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠄ | ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾［11］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠤᠨᠤᠮᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ — ᠠᠯ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ — ᠠᠯ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1252 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠥ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤ ︵ᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠥᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ | — ᠠᠯ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠬᠦ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ︽ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠤᠨᠤᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠥᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 350 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠥᠨᠡ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ︵ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠥᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ［12］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠮᠥᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠱᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ᠄ ︽ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠪᠣᠯ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ | ［13］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ | ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 350 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠥᠯᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾［14］ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠵᠢᠭᠢᠨ· ᠸᠨᠩᠴᠤᠭ᠄ | ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠥᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ | ᠲᠤᠭᠠ 15 ᠪᠥᠯᠥᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ︿ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠥᠨ︾［15］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡ᠊ᠨᠳᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠥ ᠵᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠤᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠢᠯ－︽ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠥᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ | ᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠥᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ᠂ | ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ︽ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠥ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ | ᠵᠠᠩ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠥᠷ﹀ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ | ᠰᠥᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ ︽ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠤᠨᠤᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ — ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠥᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠰᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠯ — ᠠᠯ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠠᠪ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠷᠧᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠥᠳᠥᠭᠡᠯ — ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠤᠨᠤᠮᠢ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ︶᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦᠷ ᠥᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠥ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠡᠢ︾［16］ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ | ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠥᠨᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ | ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ | ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ︽ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ | ᠪᠣᠯ ᠥᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠣᠶᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠢᠳᠢ ᠰᠢᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | | | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ | | ［1］［2］ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠤ᠋ ᠱᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2010᠄ 5᠂ 6 | ［3］ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠺᠯᠢᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ︾［M］· | ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1986 | ［4］ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ［5］ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ | ［6］［ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ］ᠺᠠᠽᠦ᠋ᠪᠣᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠺᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠲ᠋ᠠᠲ ᠮᠠᠼᠦ᠋ᠸᠤ᠋· ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠠᠢ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ［M］· ᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ᠄ ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠡᠷᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1987᠄ 293᠂ 296-297 | ［7］［ᠫᠧᠷᠰ］ᠷᠢᠰᠢᠳ᠋ — ᠠᠳ᠋ — ᠳ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ［M］·［ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ］ᠰᠦᠷᠤᠩᠬᠤᠷᠯᠸᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨᠢᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠂ | ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ᠄ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2013᠄ 549 | ［8］ᠫᠯᠠᠨ ᠺᠠᠷᠫᠢᠨ᠂ ᠸᠢᠯᠢᠶᠠᠮ ᠷᠦᠪᠷᠦ᠋ᠭ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ［M］· | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠤᠭᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠤᠳᠠ᠄ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ | 1987᠄ 100 | ［9］ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠭᠤᠳ· ᠮᠠᠨᠰᠠᠩ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ | ︵ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷ︶［M］· ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠄ ᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤᠨᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2004᠄ | 228 | ［10］［13］1982 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠰᠥᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠥᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠱᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ | ［11］ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ· ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1984᠄ 670 | ［12］［14］［15］ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠷᠤᠨᠤᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ［M］· | ᠴᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠮᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ᠄ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 1993᠄ 52᠂ 58᠂ 152 | ［16］ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠧᠭᠨᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ 2008 | | ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ | ︵ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠬᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︶ | 2021ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ | | |