| ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠮᠣᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ | ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠩᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ | ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ | ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥᠨ ᠤ | ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠩ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ | ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠨᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ | ᠰᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ | ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ | 5cm ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ᠂ ᠮᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 2~3kg ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 5~8kg ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠯᠢᠭ | ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨC/N ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ 20~25:1 ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ | ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠩᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠳᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ︔ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠨ | ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5cm ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 35～40cm | ︵ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ︶᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠨᠵᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ | ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠷᠰᠤ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠩᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨᠠ︔ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠨᠠ᠃ |