ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ
ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ︵System︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ
ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 65％ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 70% ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 91% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20%᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 76%᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 80%᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 86%᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 99% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 45％ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︶ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵Tissiu︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵Organ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠯᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ︵Lens Opacities︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 16 ~20g ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1016 ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1012 ᠠᠴᠠ 1014 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10μm ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 3μm ~4μm᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 7μm ~8μm᠂ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 20μm᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 100μm ~150μm ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵m︶ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ 3500 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1014 ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ︶ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ
ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠪᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵RNA︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
2. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
3. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ︵Milieu Intérieur︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ︵Chromosome︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 8 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 13/4 ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ 6 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 46 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 23 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ~22 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ yᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ y ᠬᠤᠣᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x᠂ x ᠬᠤᠣᠰᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨx ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ x ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ
ᠭᠧᠨ ︵Gene︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1000 ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 50000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ DNA ᠵᠢᠨᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
︵1︶ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︵-H︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠰᠭᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ︵Purine︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Pyrimidine︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠳᠧᠨᠢᠨ ︵Adenine᠂ A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠢᠨ ︵Guanine᠂ G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ﹀ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︵Cytocine᠂ C ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Thymine᠂ T ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠼᠤᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ A ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ T ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ A＝T ᠪᠣᠶᠤ T＝A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ G ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ C ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ G≡C ᠪᠣᠶᠤ C≡G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 40000 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 440000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Ribonucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ RNA ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵AMP︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵GMP︶᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵CMP︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵UMP︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ RNA ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
︵1︶ mRNA᠄ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Messenger-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ mRNA ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ t-RNA᠄ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Transfer- RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ t-RNA ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ mRNA ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ t-RNA ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︿ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ CCA ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ r-RNA᠄ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Ribosomal-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ
DNA ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 108 ᠠᠴᠠ 1010 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-9 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ RNA ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-6︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-9︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ︵Radiation Injuries ᠪᠣᠶᠤ Radiation Injury ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ Radiation Damage ᠪᠠᠰᠠ Injury︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
1. ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵1︶ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ DNA ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Direct Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1.︶ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵eV︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
2.︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ
ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1/15~1/20 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Indirect Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1︶ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O＋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ e- ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2︶ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ — ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 10-12 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O＋ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H＋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ H2O2 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠢᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ H2O- ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ H2O- ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨOH- ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ H＋᠂ OH-᠂ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵Free Radicals︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10-6 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
3︶ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ DNA ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
4︶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ︵Gene Mutation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ RNA ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ
DNAᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃
4. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
︵3︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ
ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ︵Progenitor Cell︶ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠃
︵1︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ
χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ Grubbé ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ︿ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ﹀ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︿ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ﹀ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Stewens ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1897 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ Gilchrist ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 23 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Walkoff ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Giesel ᠠᠴᠠ ᠹᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1901 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 11 ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠾᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ 10 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Frieben ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
︵2︶ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
1935~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1944~1951ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 224 ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1928~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ︵Thorotrast︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠮ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ Ledoux—Lebard ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
1︶ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 104 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ Feygin ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1906 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Bergoniè ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ Tribondeau ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Krause ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 54 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠾᠧᠰᠸᠢ ︵Hesse︶ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 50 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
2︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠧᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ K．E．Morgan ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠺᠰᠧᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Schneberg ᠤᠨ ᠺᠣᠪᠡᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1875~1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 622 ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 322 ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 87％ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1921~1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 50％ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠱᠢᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ Joachimstal ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1929~1930 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ —226 ︵226Ra︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ —222 ︵222Rn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ —218 ︵218Po︶ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃
4︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠶᠣᠲ — ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
3. ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ
1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Edison ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ Morton ᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Danil ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 40 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵somatic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Hereditary Effects or genetic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Acute Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Early Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Chronic Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Late Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Total Body Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Local Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵3︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵stochastic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵deterministic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Sparing Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠄ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ α᠂ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ LET ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ χ᠂ γ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ — ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ︶ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠄ ︿250᠄ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
250～1000᠄ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
1000～2000᠄ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ 1.25 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 20%～25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠪᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2000～4000᠄ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
4000～6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ︵ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ︶ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ︵ 50% ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
≥6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ 1～2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ︵100%︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵0.1Gy•h-1 ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵1Gy•min-1︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy• h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 1Gy•min-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 0.1Gy•h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1986 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.2Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05Gy
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.2～2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05～0.5Gy
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.5Gy
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05mGy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05mGy/min
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min～0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min～0.05Gy/min
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.05Gy/min
ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ χ᠂ γ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ α ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/3 ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ︵radiosensitivity︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠄ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 50 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 38 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ＞ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ＞ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ＞ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ＞ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ＞ ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ＞ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ＞ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ＞ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ＞ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ︵ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ︵ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ＞ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ＞ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ＞ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ＞ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ＞ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ＞ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠰ᠄ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ＞ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ＞ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ＞ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA＞mRNA＞rRNA＞tRNA＞ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ χ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Carcinogenesis︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 2~50 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
2. ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠲᠤ ︵LET︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 13 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 10 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 8 ~13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.5Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 0.065Gy ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠷᠵᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ 5.5×108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 7.4×107 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2~3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 6~9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 4~38 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 11 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 71.4% ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10~19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 15~20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 23.6 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵4︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 20~29 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 15~24 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵5︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ
ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵μm︶ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 30Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1.5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 21~37 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵6︶ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃᠂
︵7︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10~28% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 6% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20% ᠨᠢ 31~50 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 13~26 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠢ 64 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
8. ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ
ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 1/4 ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2735 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 246 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ 300 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10.5% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︵ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ︿ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︿ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵UNSCEAR︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠲᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ︿ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ︵Non-Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Deterministic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1％~5％ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.4Gy ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.65Gy~1.5 Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~3 Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 2.5~6 Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ＞0.2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 2~5 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 3~8 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ Sv.a-1ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ 0.5 1.5 ＞0.4 ＞1.0
3. ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Radiation cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 2~4 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~10Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy~2Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ 5.0 ＞0.1 ＞0.15
ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ︶ 0.5~2.0
4. ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ 300μm~500μm ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 3 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠲᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 50Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30Gy ~ 40Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 250Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1010 ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1010Bq ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃
5. ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ︿ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 1Gy~10Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 10Gy~20Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 20Gy~50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ＞50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
1. ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
100cGy ~ 1000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵bone marrow type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 100 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵cGy︶ ~ 200cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ︵L︶ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 10×109 ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ 3×109/L ~ 4×109/L ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ~ 3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 200cGy ~ 400cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
A. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 4 ~ 5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 38 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵℃︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 1~3 ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ 10×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
B. ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20~30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠦᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 7~12 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 60×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃
C. ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 18~34 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
D. ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 5~7 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ 5×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ~ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 600cGy ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 400cGy ~ 600cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 24 ~ 48 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 15 ~ 25 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 14 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 30×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 1~2 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 2.5×1012/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 39℃~ 40℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 600cGy~1000cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.25×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
2. ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1000cGy~5000cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︵gastro-intestianl type︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 20 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 3~5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5~8 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 ~30 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 20 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠪᠠᠯ 2 ~ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 5000cGy ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵central nervous system type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ 6 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 1 ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 8800cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 10 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 38℃~ 39.4℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠵᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 49 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ12000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 11 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 18 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 20~30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 80 ᠪᠠ 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 39.4℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 14 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 30 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 34.7 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃
ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3
ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵Gy︶ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ︵d︶＞1 25% ᠵᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ — 3~5 ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 30~60 5~15 ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 10~20＞15 ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 1~5
ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ
ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ 100mGy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ︵Tissue Reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ICRP ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 0.1Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ
ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 8 ~15 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.5 Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 0.5 Gy ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ CT ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
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ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ
ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ︵System︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ
ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠰᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 65％ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 70% ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 91% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20%᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 76%᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 80%᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 86%᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 99% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 45％ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠣᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︶ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵Tissiu︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠣᠯᠤᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵Organ︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠤᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠯᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ︵Lens Opacities︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ 16 ~20g ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠤᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1016 ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1012 ᠠᠴᠠ 1014 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10μm ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 3μm ~4μm᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 7μm ~8μm᠂ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 20μm᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ 100μm ~150μm ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵m︶ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ 3500 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1014 ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1~2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠯᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ︶ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ
ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠪᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵RNA︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
2. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠄ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︿ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ﹀ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
3. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ︵Milieu Intérieur︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋
ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ︵Chromosome︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ 8 ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ 13/4 ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ 6 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 46 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 23 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 1 ~22 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ yᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ y ᠬᠤᠣᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ x᠂ x ᠬᠤᠣᠰᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨx ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠵᠦ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ x ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ y ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ
ᠭᠧᠨ ︵Gene︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1000 ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 50000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵DNA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ DNA ᠵᠢᠨᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
︵1︶ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠭᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ︵-H︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠰᠭᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ︵Purine︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Pyrimidine︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠳᠧᠨᠢᠨ ︵Adenine᠂ A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨᠢᠨ ︵Guanine᠂ G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ﹀ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠲ᠋ᠧᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠨ ︵Cytocine᠂ C ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ︵Thymine᠂ T ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠼᠤᠲ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ A ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ T ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ A＝T ᠪᠣᠶᠤ T＝A ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ G ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ C ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ G≡C ᠪᠣᠶᠤ C≡G ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 40000 ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 440000 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ RNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ Ribonucleic Acid ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ RNA ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵AMP︶᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵GMP︶᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵CMP︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ︵UMP︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ RNA ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
︵1︶ mRNA᠄ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Messenger-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ mRNA ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ t-RNA᠄ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Transfer- RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ RNA ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 5%~10% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ t-RNA ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ mRNA ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ t-RNA ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠰᠭᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ︿ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ CCA ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ r-RNA᠄ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ RNA ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ Ribosomal-RNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠭᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ
DNA ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 108 ᠠᠴᠠ 1010 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-9 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠂ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠪ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ RNA ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ DNA ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-6︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ︵10-9︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Radiation Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ︵Radiation Injuries ᠪᠣᠶᠤ Radiation Injury ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ Radiation Damage ᠪᠠᠰᠠ Injury︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
1. ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵1︶ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ DNA ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Direct Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ DNA ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1.︶ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵eV︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠯᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
2.︶ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ
ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1/15~1/20 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ︵Indirect Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1︶ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 10-16 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O＋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ e- ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2︶ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ — ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 10-12 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ H2O＋ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H＋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ OH ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ H2O2 ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠢᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ H2O ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ H2O- ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ H2O- ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨOH- ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ H＋᠂ OH-᠂ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ OH ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ︵Free Radicals︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10-6 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
3︶ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ DNA ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠭᠴᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠰᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
4︶ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ
ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ︵Gene Mutation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠫᠦᠷᠢᠨ᠂ ᠫᠢᠷᠢᠮᠢᠳᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ RNA ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ
DNAᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ DNA ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠷᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠢᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃
4. ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ
ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ DNA ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DNA ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠱᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
︵3︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ
ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠦᠷᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ︵Progenitor Cell︶ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠃
︵1︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ
χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢ Grubbé ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ︿ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ﹀ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︿ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ﹀ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ Stewens ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1897 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ Gilchrist ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 23 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1900 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Walkoff ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Giesel ᠠᠴᠠ ᠹᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1901 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 11 ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠾᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ 10 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1902 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Frieben ᠠᠴᠠ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠡ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
︵2︶ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
1935~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1944~1951ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 224 ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1928~1954 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ︵Thorotrast︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠮ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ Ledoux—Lebard ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 100 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
1︶ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 1904 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ 104 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ Feygin ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1906 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Bergoniè ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ Tribondeau ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Krause ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ 54 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠾᠧᠰᠸᠢ ︵Hesse︶ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠨᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 50 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
2︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠄ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠭᠦᠶᠢᠴᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠧᠺ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ K．E．Morgan ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1925 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Martland ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠺᠰᠧᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ Schneberg ᠤᠨ ᠺᠣᠪᠡᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1875~1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ 622 ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 322 ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 87％ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1921~1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ 50％ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠦᠱᠢᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ Joachimstal ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1929~1930 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ —226 ︵226Ra︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ —222 ︵222Rn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ —218 ︵218Po︶ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃
4︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠄ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠶᠣᠲ — ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ ︵︶ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
3. ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ
1896 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ Edison ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ Morton ᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1896 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ Danil ᠪᠠᠰᠨ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 40 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠶᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ
ᠲᠣᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵somatic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Hereditary Effects or genetic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Acute Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Early Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Chronic Radiation Effect︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Late Effect︶ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Total Body Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Local Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵3︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠣᠨᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠨᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵stochastic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵deterministic effects︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠮᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Sparing Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠄ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ α᠂ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ LET ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ χ᠂ γ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ — ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︶ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠄
﹀250᠄ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
250～1000᠄ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
1000～2000᠄ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ 1.25 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 20%～25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠪᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2000～4000᠄ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
4000～6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ︵ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ︶ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠪᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ︵ 50% ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
≥6000᠄ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ 1～2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ︵100%︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵0.1Gy??h-1 ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵1Gy??min-1︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy?? h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 1Gy??min-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 0.1Gy??h-1 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1986 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.2Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05Gy
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.2～2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05～0.5Gy
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞2.0Gy᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.5Gy
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05mGy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＜0.05mGy/min
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min～0.05Gy/min ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.05mGy/min～0.05Gy/min
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠄ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.05Gy/min᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ＞0.05Gy/min
ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ χ᠂ γ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ α ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/3 ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ︵radiosensitivity︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠄ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠢᠰᠦ᠄ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 20 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 50 ᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 38 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ＞ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ＞ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ＞ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ＞ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ＞ ᠢᠳᠡᠷᠴᠦᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ＞ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ＞ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ＞ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ＞ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠄ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ︵ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ︵ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ︵ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ︶᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ︵ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ︶᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ︵ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ᠄ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ＞ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ＞ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ＞ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ＞ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ＞ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ＞ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠰ᠄ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ＞ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ＞ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ＞ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ＞ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠮ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ᠄ DNA＞mRNA＞rRNA＞tRNA＞ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ DNA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ χ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Carcinogenesis︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 2~50 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃
2. ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ︵ᠦᠮᠡᠨ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠠᠲᠤ ︵LET︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 13 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ 10 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 8 ~13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃
︵2︶ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠴᠢᠷ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.5Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 0.065Gy ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠷᠵᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ 5.5×108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ 7.4×107 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 2~3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 6~9 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 4~38 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 11 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 71.4% ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10~19 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 15~20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 23.6 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ᠂ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵4︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 20~29 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 15~24 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵5︶ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ
ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵μm︶ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠨᠲ᠋ᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 30Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1.5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 21~37 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵6︶ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 13 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃᠂
︵7︶ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10~28% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 6% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20% ᠨᠢ 31~50 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ 13~26 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠢ 64 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 25 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
8. ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ
ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ 10 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 1/4 ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠲᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2735 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 246 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ 300 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ 10.5% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠧᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ︵ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ︿ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︿ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵UNSCEAR︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠲᠡᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠤᠨ 60 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ︿ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ︵Non-Stochastic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ﹀ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ︵Deterministic Effect︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︿ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︿ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ﹀ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1％~5％ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠣᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠴᠨ ︵LET︶᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.4Gy ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.65Gy~1.5 Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~3 Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 2.5~6 Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠬᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ＞0.2Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ᠂ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 2~5 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 3~8 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ Sv.a-1ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨᠠ
ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ 0.5 1.5 ＞0.4 ＞1.0
3. ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ︵Radiation cataract︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ 9 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 2~4 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2Gy~10Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ 1Gy~2Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.15Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠩᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ 5.0 ＞0.1 ＞0.15 ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ︶ 0.5~2.0
4. ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ 300μm~500μm ᠲᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ 3Gy~5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 3 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 20Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠭᠲᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠯᠲᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 50Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠄ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 30Gy ~ 40Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ 5 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 250Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1010 ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1010Bq ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 5Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠨᠡ᠃
5. ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ
ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ︵ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯ ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠡᠭᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ︿ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ﹀ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ 1Gy~10Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 10Gy~20Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠣ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ᠂ 20Gy~50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ＞50Gy ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
1. ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
100cGy ~ 1000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵bone marrow type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 100 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠽᠸᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵cGy︶ ~ 200cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠮᠢᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠯᠢᠲᠷ ︵L︶ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 10×109 ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ 3×109/L ~ 4×109/L ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ~ 3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 200cGy ~ 400cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
A. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 4 ~ 5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠦᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 38 ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵℃︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ 1~3 ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ 10×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
B. ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20~30 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠦᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 7~12 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 14 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 60×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ 1~2 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠳᠡᠭ᠃
C. ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 18~34 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
D. ᠲᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 5~7 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 50 ~ 60 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ 5×109/L ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ~ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 600cGy ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵3︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 400cGy ~ 600cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 24 ~ 48 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 15 ~ 25 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 14 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 30×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 1~2 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡ ᠦᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 2.5×1012/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 39℃~ 40℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 20×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ︵ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠲᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 600cGy~1000cGy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 1 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 1×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 2~3 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ 0.25×109/L ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
2. ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 1000cGy~5000cGy ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ︵gastro-intestianl type︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 20 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 3~5 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5~8 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 ~30 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 20 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠪᠠᠯ 2 ~ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ
ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 5000cGy ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ︵central nervous system type︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ 6 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 1 ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1 ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠡᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ 8800cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ 10 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 38℃~ 39.4℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠵᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 49 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠩᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ12000cGy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 11 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 18 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠦᠷ ᠲᠦᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 20~30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯᠵᠠᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 80 ᠪᠠ 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 39.4℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ 14 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 30 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ 34.7 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃
ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3
ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭ 4—3 ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ LET ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ
ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ︵Gy︶ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ︵d︶ ＞1 25% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨᠡ — 3~5 ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 30~60 5~15 ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 10~20 ＞15 ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠨᠡ 1~5
ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ
ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ 100mGy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠬᠤᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ︵Tissue Reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ICRP ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 0.1Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠨᠡ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ
ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 8 ~15 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.5 Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠢᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 0.5 Gy ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ χ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ CT ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 17% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 98 % ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 90 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ︵X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ 2.4 ᠵᠢᠸᠠ ︵ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ 2 ᠪᠤᠮ ︵ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ 4.9 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ︵ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠮᠡ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠶᠢᠮᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ
ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰ ︵Boice︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ
1. ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.91 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ
1. X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 20 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 0.09cGy ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠴᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 10 ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠬᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
4. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
5. ᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃
6. ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠵᠤᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠪᠢᠰᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ
1. ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
2. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
3. ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠺᠢᠨᠰ ︵Hodgkins disease︶ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
4. ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
6. ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠪᠣᠣᠶ᠋ᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠶᠢᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠷᠢᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ CR ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DR ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ DSA ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ CT ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 80% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ 0.6%～3% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ︵ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵WHO︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1. ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠤᠱᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵2︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠮᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵3︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ ︵mA︶ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠢ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
︵5︶ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ 20℃ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ 70% ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠭᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠩᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠱᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠢᠰᠡᠷᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠢᠰ ᠲᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
2. ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ
ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠵᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵2︶ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
︵3︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵4︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵5︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ︔ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠣᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵6︶ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠤ ᠤᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ
ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠳᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ — ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵2︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠢᠡᠭᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵3︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃
︵4︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵5︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠤᠰᠯᠠᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
︵6︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠮ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠮᠯᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ 30cm ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ 200mA ︵ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠮᠫᠧᠷ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ 70 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ～ 80 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ᠂ 300 mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ 80kV～100 ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠣᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 200mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ 2.5mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 300mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ 2mA ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠬᠢ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ 4mm ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ 1/3 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃᠂ X ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠠᠴᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
6. ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 400cm2 ᠤᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 100cm2 ᠤᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ X ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 184 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃
7. ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ
ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠨᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 10 ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠳᠠᠪᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃
︵ᠨᠢᠭᠡ︶ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
1. ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠣᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠤᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠴᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 0.017% ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠰᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰᠲᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠳᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠰᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠭ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ
ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1. ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠯᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
2. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︽ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠴᠢ ᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ kBq ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵pBq︶ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠳ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ︵TeV︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠭᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠲᠡᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠲᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ︵nuclear installation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ
ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 3 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ︵3 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
︵2︶ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 2 ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ︵2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ 10 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ︵10 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
︵3︶ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ 9 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ︵9 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ︶ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃
︵4︶ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
Ⅳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ᠂ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ Ⅰ᠂ Ⅱ᠂ Ⅲ᠂ Ⅳ᠂ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵1︶ Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵2︶ Ⅱ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵4︶ Ⅳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵5︶ Ⅴ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠢ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ︾ ︵GB 18871-2002︶ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ Ⅰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ Ⅱ᠂ Ⅲ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵IAEA︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵OECD︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ 7 ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡᠯ᠄
︵1︶ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵2︶ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵3︶ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵4︶ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵5︶ 3 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵6︶ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠤᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
︵7︶ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠨᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵8︶ 0 ᠳᠡᠰ᠄ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
︵9︶ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠄ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ
ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵1AEA︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ 2010 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ︵WHO︶ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ︵ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ︵REMPAN︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠤᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃
︵2︶ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ
ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ︔ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ︔ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ 307 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ︔ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ︔ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠤᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠠᠪᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 26 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠰᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1990 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 6 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 25 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ 9 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠪ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 7 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ 2-20Gy ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 2 ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠷᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠨᠦᠢᠷᠮᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠯᠤᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠷᠠᠽᠢᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠶᠠᠨᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ — 137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ 137 Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠮᠤᠤᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠠᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨᠪᠣᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠪᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨᠡ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ 137 Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ 1.1 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠦ᠋ᠰ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ 131I᠂ 137Cs᠂ 134 Cs ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 200 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 13.8 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠦᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 1/5 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 20% ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 6000km2 ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ 400 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 600 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ γ ᠪᠠ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 2 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 134 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 94 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 2～16Gy ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ 8 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10～30Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 28 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ︵ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︶᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ 3 ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠴᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 16 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1 ᠠᠴᠠ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠮᠢᠨᠦ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭᠵᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.45 ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵EBq︶ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ 5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ 10 ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.35 ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵EBq︶ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠄ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ᠋ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
︵4︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ 90Sr ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 137 Cs ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ︵I︶᠂ ᠲᠧᠯᠦ᠋ᠷ ︵Te︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ︵Cs︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠪᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠰᠠᠷᠨᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ -90 ︵ 90 Sr︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ -137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ︵Pu︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
︵5︶ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ DNA᠂ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠧᠷᠯᠤᠰ ︵ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 17 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 312.4% ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠧᠮᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠵᠮᠦᠹ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠢᠰᠤ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠮᠹ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠢᠮᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠡᠷᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵6︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ᠂ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠪᠠᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ᠂ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 30 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ 200 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 500 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 50-60km 2 ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ 800～1000Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 300km 2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 8～10Gy ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠮᠤᠤᠰᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠨᠢ 12000km 2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ 3.5～4Gy ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1986～1987 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ 30 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠦᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷᠭᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ 2 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
︵7︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ
ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠲᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠵᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ︔ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠢ︔ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠦ᠋ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠯᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠨᠦᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ︵ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ︶ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠣᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠤᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠣᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︽ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠴᠤᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠰᠠᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 2500 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠰᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 1.44 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 7400 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ 10% ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠧᠲ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠧᠲ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠮᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 200 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠷᠦᠪᠯᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠲᠢᠭᠯᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
︵8︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠡᠰᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 6 ᠪᠤᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 3.4 ᠪᠤᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 1964 ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ᠂ 22000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ᠂ 1600 ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 1200 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠤᠶᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 7000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 1.2 ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ 30 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠮ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 137 Cs᠂ 90 Sr᠂ 235U᠂ 239Pu ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠴᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠭᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠠᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ
ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ X᠂ γ᠂ β ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠦᠸᠠᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 1/4 ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ 3 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ 1/9 ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠦᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ᠂ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠲᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ 1/5～1/16 ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ 1/12 ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ᠃ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠢᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 30%～60% ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠫᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ
ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ᠂ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 5. ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠦᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠰᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠳᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠢ ︵Tl︶ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ -210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠺᠣᠹᠧ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠨᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠪᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃
1. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ
ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠴᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠪᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 7 × 10 －9 Sv ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ 0.3 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 9 × 10 －3 ᠺᠦᠯᠦᠮᠪ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ 50keV ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.1 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠰᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
3. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ
ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ 3H ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
4. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ︵U︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ︵Th︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ︵Ra︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵3H︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ︵Rn︶᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 ︵14C︶᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ︵I︶᠂ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ︵Cs︶᠂ ᠷᠦᠪᠢᠲᠠᠨ ︵Ru︶᠂ ᠺᠣᠪᠠᠯᠲ ︵Co︶᠂ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ 85Kr︶ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠣᠷᠣᠠᠲ — 90 ︵ 90 Sr︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 0.0002 mSv ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 0.002 mSv᠃
5. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ
1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 16 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ 2000 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ 1980 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 543 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 1963 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 110 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 2000 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 5 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ 10% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 ︵ 14 C︶᠂ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ — 90 ︵ 90 Sr︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ — 137 ︵ 137 Cs︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2000 — 3000 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ 50% ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨ᠂ 1 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ — 14 ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠯᠣᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵μGy︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
1. ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ 85 Kr︶᠂ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ 232 Th︶ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ
ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226 Ra︶ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 3H ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 147Pm ᠨᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 50 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ 3H ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠬᠤ β ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ 0.6 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠷᠮᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ 3H ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ 147Pm ᠶᠢᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ 0.224 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 46 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 147Pm ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠮᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226Ra︶ ᠪᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ︵ 147 Pm︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ︵ 3H︶ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 3.7 × 103 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵0.1 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠫᠷᠤᠮᠧᠲ — 147 ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 3.7 × 106 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵100 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 1.85 × 108 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 1.5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 3.7 × 10 3 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵0.1 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠺᠶᠦ᠋ᠷᠢ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.07 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵mSv︶᠂ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 0.065 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵mSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠫᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠤᠸ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
3. ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠨᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠨᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10－8 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠶᠢᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
4. ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ α ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ︵ 226 Ra︶᠂ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 238 ︵ 238 Pu︶᠂ ᠺᠷᠢᠫᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ — 85 ︵ 85 Kr︶᠂ ᠨᠢᠺᠧᠯ — 63 ︵ 63 Ni︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠼ — 241 ︵ 241Am︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠼ — 241 ︵ 241 Am︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 5. ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ
ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
6. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ
ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 30% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 18 % ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 10 －5 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ — 228 ︵ 228 Ac︶᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 212 ︵ 212Pb︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 214 ︵ 214Pb︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.5 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
7. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ
ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠸᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 0.1% ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 30 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤᠨ ︵μm︶ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵mGy︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 0.1%᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ 0.05% ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 0.03%᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ 4 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 0.0004% — 0.008% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 0.02% ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠ᠃
8. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠰᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠱᠠᠵᠠᠩ ᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠮᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1. ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠽᠢᠷᠺᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠹᠤᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠳᠤᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠨᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
︵1︶ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ 40 K᠂ 238 U᠂ 232 Th ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 15 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ︵ 40 K︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 50 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵238 U︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ 232 Th︶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 20 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ 20% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ︵ 40 K︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 104 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵ 238U︶ ᠪᠣᠯ 36 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ︵ 232 Th︶ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ︵Bq︶ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 1700℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠨᠢ 265 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠨᠢ 200 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠨᠢ 240 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ᠨᠢ 930 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ 1700 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ᠨᠢ 70 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 228 ᠨᠢ 110 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠨᠢ 130 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠠᠵᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 228 ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠳᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
︵2︶ ᠹᠤᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 35 — 780 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ 1 — 10 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 70 — 1500 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238᠂ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 234 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 230 ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 600 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ — 226 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 400 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ — 40 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠢ — 232 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ︵ 238 U︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠦᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠹᠣᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠹᠣᠰᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠭᠠᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠷᠯᠢᠬ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ — 238 ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠹᠣᠰᠹᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠪᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠯᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠭᠠᠷᠤ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠯᠤᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠫᠣᠯᠣᠨᠢ — 210 ︵ 210 Po︶ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.1～300 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠼᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ — 210 ︵210 Pb︶ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵4︶ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵222 Rn︶ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ 1 ᠵᠢᠸᠠ ᠸᠤᠯᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 3 × 10 －5 ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.01～0.3 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠯᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 2. ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ︵ 222 Rn︶ ᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠨᠭ᠌ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ — 222 ᠤᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠺᠦᠪ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 260 ᠪᠧᠺᠯᠧᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 16 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵mSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
3. ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ
ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ᠂ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ᠂ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 20kV᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 0.1mA ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ 25kV ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ 1mA ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵ICRP︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 5 ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.5mR ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠴᠣᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠴᠤᠩ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 10μGy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ X ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.2 ᠮᠢᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠸᠢᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 4. ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1.36 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ 16 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵20 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 8 ᠮᠢᠺᠷᠤ᠋ ᠰᠢᠸᠧᠲ ︵μSv︶ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ 12 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ 11 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 9 ～12km ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 5～8μ Sv ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠲᠯᠠᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ 30 — 45μSv᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ 2～4μ Sv ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
5. ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ
ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 0.7 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.22 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy. h-1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠰᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 0.054 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy. h- 1︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠰᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠷᠤᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠨᠲ᠋ᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1.2 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 5 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠫᠷᠤᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ 3.6᠂ 1.7 ᠪᠠ 0.4 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ α ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1.5᠂ 0.3 ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 0.05 ᠭᠧᠷᠸᠢ ︵Gy︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ︵IAEA︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2002 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 442 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ 651 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 284 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 250 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 30 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 17% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ 12 ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 1/4 ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 70% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 30％ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ᠂ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ᠂ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠦᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠴᠡᠭᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ 1986 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 26 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠺᠷᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ 130 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 4 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 2 ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠶᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠢ 12 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ 7 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1700 ᠲᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 1659 ᠭᠤᠳᠣᠯᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ 75% ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 700℃ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠮᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ 1000 ᠲᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ 1200 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠪᠡ᠃ 4 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 27 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 10 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭ᠍ᠴᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ 5000 ᠲᠤᠨ᠋ᠨᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠷ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ︽ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ︾ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠪᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠵᠢᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠳ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 200 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 30 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠰᠲᠷᠣᠠᠲ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠼᠧᠽᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ
ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ 7 ᠠᠴᠠ 10 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ 30 ᠠᠴᠠ 50 ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠯᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠣᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
1. ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠢᠡᠭᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠴᠣᠪᠠ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠱᠠᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠢᠶᠤᠤ ᠤᠭᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠴᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
2. ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠨᠳᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠳᠠᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠪ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 2/3 ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
︵2︶ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠧᠲ᠋ᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
3. ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ︵KI︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ︵KIO 3︶ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ 100% ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ 90% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 6 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 8 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳ ︵ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠳ︶ 100 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 3-12 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 50 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ 3 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ 25 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ 12.5 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠳ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠨᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠬᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠮᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ︾ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠳᠣᠣ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 35 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ 100 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 3 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠮᠡᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
4. ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃
5. ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
6. ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠴᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ 1 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠨᠢᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠲᠦᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
7. ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
8. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 9. ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠯᠡᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠤᠨᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠪᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠷᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠵᠢᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
10. ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠶᠢᠯᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠂ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ︵ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 6 ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︶ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠱᠤᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠲᠤᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ 11. ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
︵1︶ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠰ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠵᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵2︶ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠲᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠩᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠤᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠯᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
︵3︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠃ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠧᠷᠨᠣᠪᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠬᠡᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠡᠷ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠡᠭᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠤᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠮᠰᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ 12. ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠢ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤ᠋ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠧᠯᠸᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠣᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ︵nuclear weapon︶ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
1905 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ ︵Albert Einstein︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠮᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠢ ︵Enrico Fermi︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢᠳ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠸ᠋ᠨ ︵Otto Hahn︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠲᠷᠠᠰᠮᠠᠨ ︵Fritz Strassmanm︶ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 2 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠢᠨᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠷᠦᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠲᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠷᠦᠰᠹᠣᠷᠳ᠋ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 7 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠪᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ᠂ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠬᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ︾ ︵Manhattan project︶ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠣᠨᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠯᠯᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ 3 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠣᠨᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠦ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠣᠰ ᠠᠯᠮᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺᠴᠢ ᠣᠪᠧᠨ᠋ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠮᠦ᠋ᠸ᠋ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠪᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 3 ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠧᠺᠰᠢᠺᠦ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠮᠣᠭᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠩᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠ 8 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠾᠢᠷᠤᠱᠢᠮᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠺᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠦ︾ ︵Little Boy︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ︽ᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠨ︾ ︵Fat Man︶ ᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠱᠠᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 8 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 29 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1952 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠤᠰᠲᠷᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1960 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 13 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1964 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 16 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ 15 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1966 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 28 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 70 ᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠠᠺᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠨᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠭᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 21 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ᠄ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠢᠨᠧᠷᠼᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ︵ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ TNT︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠬᠡᠮ ︵TNT equivalent︶ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵atomic bomb︶᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵hudrogen bomb︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵neutron bomb︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ
ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵chain reaction of heavy nuclear fission︶ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 235 U᠂ 239 Pu ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 2～3 ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 200Mev ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠯᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ 1 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ 1 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 2 ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠠᠨ TNT ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 8 × 10 13 ᠵᠦᠯ ︵J︶ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
︵2︶ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ
ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ 2H᠂ 3H ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵light nuclear fusion reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ︵thermonuclear reaction︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠲᠤ 235 U ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 3～4 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠯᠢᠲ᠋ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠦᠷᠦᠳᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠲᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵3︶ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ
ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠯᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ 70 % ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠂ 30% ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ ︵nuclear electro-magnetic pulse︶᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ︵infrasonic wave︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ︵instantaneous killing factor︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵residual nuclear radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠭᠷᠠᠳᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ︵fireball︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵light radiation︶ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵thermal radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠠᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ 2000℃ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 1% ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠤᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ︵flash blindness︶᠃ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠲᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠱᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠶᠢᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠡ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ︵blast wave︶ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ︵blast injury︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠮᠣᠰᠬᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠢᠵᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠴᠣᠯᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
3. ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ
ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵initial nuclear radiation︶ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ︵penetrating radiation︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠽᠤᠲ ᠣᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠬᠠᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ γ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
4. ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ︵radiation contaminated︶ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠪᠠᠩᠯᠢᠬ ᠵᠢᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠤᠭ ︵radioactive︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ β᠂ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠵᠢᠷᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 10 7B · 8 -1 ～10 10 Bq · g -1 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 1～5000 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ 6 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 1/10 ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ＞1Gy ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ β ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
1. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠷᠦᠯᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦ ᠰᠡᠪ ︵ᠳᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯ︶᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ︵ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ︶ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠢᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃
3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠣᠨᠢᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ︵ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠫᠤᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠠᠶᠤᠩᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ︶ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
4. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1980 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ 50 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃
1958 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ B- 47 ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠰᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠬᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 1700 ᠭᠠᠯᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 8000 ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠣᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ B- 47 ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠮᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ 16 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠳᠦᠷᠡᠯᠵᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠤᠮᠰᠢᠭᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠯᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠠᠩᠭ᠍ᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠮᠦᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ 20 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠨᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠦᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ 2000 ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠳᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠯᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
1. ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠬᠠᠮ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
︵1︶ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠤᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠷᠰᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ᠃
︵2︶ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠦᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
︵3︶ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︔ ᠡᠯᠧᠺᠲᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠣᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ︔ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ︔ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠮᠡᠨᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ︔ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃
2. ᠢᠪᠴᠤᠤ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
︵1︶ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠳᠲᠡᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠣᠨᠣᠪᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠠᠪᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠡᠭᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠮ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ︔ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠪᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠤᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠣᠷᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠳᠦᠰᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠰᠤᠪᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠯ᠂ ᠢᠭᠴᠤ ᠦᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠣᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠮᠦᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠩᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠧᠲᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠩᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠭᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠩᠭᠦᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ 20 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤᠷᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠣᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠨᠭ᠍ᠬᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠦᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯᠡᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠡᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ 20 ᠰᠧᠺᠦ᠋ᠨ᠋ᠳ᠋ ᠬᠡᠲᠤᠷᠡᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠡ ᠭᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠳᠠᠮ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠰᠬᠢᠬᠦ᠄ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠣᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠬᠡᠤᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠰᠡᠤᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠣᠩᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠷᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠣᠷᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠳᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠣᠴᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠮᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠣᠪᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠭᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠠᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨᠴᠤᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠤᠨᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠴᠢᠬᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠬᠠᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤᠰᠤ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠭᠤᠲᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠨᠢᠮᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠲᠡᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠭᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠣᠡᠭᠭᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠣᠨᠣᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
︵2︶ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠮᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠩᠴᠡᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠣᠷᠭᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠠ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠣᠨᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠭᠡᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠺ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠣᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠬᠦ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠰᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤ γ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠪᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠱᠦᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠲᠦᠲᠡ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠣᠨᠴᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠤᠩᠲᠤ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠢᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠷᠲᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠡᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠄ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠡᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠠᠮᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠮᠠᠬᠠᠪᠣᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠴᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠲᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠬᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠰᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ 24 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ 4 ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠰᠡᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ 100mg ᠤᠤᠭᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠮᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠵᠠᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠲᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠷᠦ᠋ᠱ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ 90 Sr ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 137 Cs ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠢᠤᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠵᠣᠯᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠮᠳᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ
ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
1. ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ︾ ᠡᠭᠦᠳᠬᠦ
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ︵RDD︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠴᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠰ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃
ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠨᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ 1996 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1500 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ 70 ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠠᠶᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ︽ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 241 Am᠂ 60 Co᠂ 137 Cs ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ 192I r ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 99% ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠣᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠬᠢᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠬᠢᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠮᠵᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ 1995 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠨᠢ 137Cs ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠯᠣᠩᠬᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠣᠰᠺᠧᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭ ᠨᠣᠪᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ᠂ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃
2. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ
ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠ᠂ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠷᠪᠢᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠮᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯᠬᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠨᠡ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠤᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠳᠠᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠤᠮ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠲᠤ ᠨᠣᠴᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠷᠰᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠦᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠨᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠮᠧᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ︽9.11︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠰᠢᠬ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠪᠲᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠪᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ︶ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠹᠢᠽᠢᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠵᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠪᠰᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠢᠡᠭᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠭᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠲᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ︽9.11︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠰᠭᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃
3. ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ 8 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ 25 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠰᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ 3 ᠳᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠩᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠡ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠨᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠨ᠃
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠤᠯᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃
ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ IAEA ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ 175 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ 1996 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ 2.7 ᠺᠢᠯᠦᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠴᠤᠯ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1999 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠺᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠰᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠫᠯᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠨ ᠢ 6 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ 0.4 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠪᠠ 6 ᠭᠷᠠᠮ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠮᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ᠂ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠤ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠨᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠴᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠴᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠵᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ᠃
ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ
ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠪᠣᠢ᠃ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃
1. ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ 60° ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ D ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠨ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠷᠠᠳᠢᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ 5 ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ D/2 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃
2. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠭᠰᠢᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠳᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠢᠶᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠦᠨᠴᠦᠭᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ a 1＝ 0.034L᠂ ᠳᠣᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ a2＝0.700a1 ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ L ᠪᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃
3. ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠮ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢᠰᠴᠦ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠵᠡᠪᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠭᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠤᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠴᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 15 ᠮᠢᠯᠢᠮᠧᠲᠷ ︵mm︶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠳᠦᠷᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃
4. ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠤᠰᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃